Objective To explore the effectiveness of the BOPPPS and CBL teaching methods using Rain Classroom information technology in the classroom instruction of Chinese internal medicine for diabetes during the standardized training of resident physicians. Methods A total of 64 resident physicians participating in the training program at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to January 2025 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. The control group received traditional teaching methods, while the observation group underwent the BOPPPS and CBL teaching methods using Rain Classroom information technology. The theoretical examination scores, teaching satisfaction, and clinical comprehensive ability scores of the two groups were compared. Results In the final examination, the observation group scored higher than the control group in theoretical knowledge, case analysis, and clinical skills, with statistically significant differences. Questionnaire results showed that the observation group scored higher than the control group in improving self-directed learning, promoting systematic theoretical knowledge, enhancing communication skills with patients, fostering teamwork, strengthening professional ethics, improving humanistic care, and improving teaching satisfaction, with statistically significant differences. Conclusion The implementation of the BOPPPS and CBL teaching methods integrated with Rain Classroom information technology in the classroom instruction of Chinese internal medicine for diabetes during the standardized training program for resident physicians have been found to enhance residents’ comprehensive clinical competencies, critical thinking abilities, and teaching satisfaction.