Objective To analyze the influencing factors of impulsive aggressive behaviors in patients with bipolar disorder (BPD). Methods A total of 135 patients with BPD admitted to Department of Psychiatry, Anyang Seventh People’s Hospital from September 2022 to September 2024 were selected for the study. The patients were evaluated for impulsive aggressive behaviors using the modified overt aggression scale (MOAS) and the Barratt impulsive scale-11 (BIS-11) upon admission, and were divided into an occurrence group and a non occurrence group, depending on whether or not impulsive aggressive behavior occurred. General data of the two groups were compared, and Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of impulsive aggressive behaviors in patients with BPD. Results Among 135 patients, 128 questionnaires were effectively collected, with an effective response rate of 94.81% (128/135). Among 128 patients with BPD, 48 (37.50%) had impulsive aggressive behaviors and were included in the occurrence group, while 80 (62.50%) had no impulsive aggressive behaviors and were included in the non-occurrence group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that a high school/technical secondary school, junior college OR above educational level, and average or good family functioning were protective factors for impulsive aggressive behaviors in patients with BPD (OR=0.403, 0.219, 0.385, 0.158; P=0.033, 0.013, 0.037, 0.000). Stress events in the past 3 months, impaired insight, and serum dopamine >234.67ng/mL were risk factors for impulsive aggressive behaviors in patients with BPD (OR=3.100, 13.455, 4.840; P=0.031, 0.000, 0.000). Conclusion Low educational level, stress events in the past 3 months, impaired insight, poor family functioning, and serum dopamine levels greater than 234.67ng/mL are all risk factors for impulsive aggressive behaviors in patients with BPD. Higher levels of education and good family functioning are conducive to reducing the incidence of impulsive aggressive behaviors in patients with BPD.