Objective To observe the application effect of intervention mode based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory combined with joint mobilization training in the nursing of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods A prospective study was conducted on 94 AMI patients admitted to the ICU of the Third People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou from January 2020 to December 2022. They were randomly divided into a control group and a study group, with 47 cases in each group, using a random number table method. Both groups of patients received routine ICU care, while the control group received joint mobilization training, and the study group received intervention based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory on the basis of the control group. Muscle strength [assessed with Medical Research Council (MRC) scale], anxiety and depression [assessed with Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS)], comfort [assessed with Comfort Scale], and nursing quality of both groups were compared. Results The MRC score, comfort scale score, and nursing quality score of the study group were higher than those of the control group, with statistical significant differences (t=2.760, 3.642, 11.604; P=0.007, <0.001, <0.001). The incidence of anxiety and depression in the study group was lower than that in the control group, with a statistical significant difference (χ2=4.414, 5.045; P=0.036, 0.025). Conclusion The intervention model based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory combined with joint mobilization training can enhance the muscle strength of ICU patients with acute myocardial infarction, reduce the incidence of anxiety and depression, and improve patient comfort and nursing quality.