Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of situational health education in the nursing care of gynecological patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and to assess its impact on patients’ health knowledge acquisition, psychological well-being, nursing satisfaction, treatment compliance, and incidence of complications. Methods A total of 100 patients diagnosed with HPV infection and treated in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nansha Hospital of Guangzhou First People’s Hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were enrolled. These patients were assigned to the control group (receiving routine nursing care) and the observation group (receiving routine care plus situational health education) with a randomized controlled design, with 50 cases in each group. Outcomes were evaluated with comparative analysis of validated scales and included health knowledge scores, anxiety and depression levels (SAS and SDS), nursing satisfaction, treatment adherence, and complication rates of the two groups. Results Post-intervention, the observation group showed significantly higher scores in health knowledge (88.40±5.70 vs 72.60±6.30), nursing satisfaction (96.40±3.20 vs 76.20±5.20), and treatment compliance (91.30±4.50 vs 73.40±5.20) (all P<0.001). Anxiety and depression scores were markedly reduced in the observation group (SAS: 48.40±3.80; SDS: 49.10±4.20) compared to the control group (P<0.001). The complication rate in the observation group was also significantly lower than that of the control group (4.00% vs 16.00%, P=0.014). Conclusion Situational health education can substantially enhance disease-related knowledge, and improve psychological status, treatment adherence, and satisfaction among HPV-infected patients, while reducing the incidence of complications. It is therefore of high value for clinical application and wider implementation.