Objective To investigate the impact of the fracture liaison service (FLS) rehabilitation model on pain control, functional recovery, and life quality in elderly patients after hip arthroplasty. Methods A total of 68 elderly patients who underwent primary hip arthroplasty (HA) in Huaibin County People’s Hospital from June 2022 to June 2024 were randomly divided into the observation group (n=34) and the control group (n=34). The control group received routine postoperative rehabilitation nursing for hip arthroplasty, while the observation group underwent comprehensive management under the FLS rehabilitation model in addition to routine care. The FLS model included multidisciplinary team collaboration, enhanced preoperative education and assessment, early postoperative optimized rehabilitation, nutritional and complication management, and discharge preparation and post-discharge care. Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), and analgesic medication usage was recorded. Hip joint and lower limb function were evaluated using the Harris hip score (HHS) and the short physical performance battery (SPPB), and the functional recovery time was compared between the two groups. Results At 72 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks postoperatively, the VAS scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). The observation group had a shorter duration of analgesic pump usage and fewer additional analgesic medications than the control group (both P<0.001), and their pain management satisfaction was higher (P<0.05). The Harris hip scores at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively were all higher in the observation group than in the control group (all P<0.001). At 4 weeks postoperatively, the SPPB scores in the observation group were superior in balance tests, 4-meter walking tests, 5-time sit-to-stand tests, and total scores compared to the control group (all P<0.001). The observation group showed earlier achievement in functional recovery indicators such as getting out of bed time, walking independently time, climbing stairs time, and achieving self-care time than the control group (all P<0.001). Conclusion The FLS rehabilitation model has a positive effect on postoperative recovery in elderly patients undergoing hip joint arthroplasty. It effectively reduces postoperative pain, improves pain management satisfaction, promotes hip joint and lower limb functional recovery, and shortens the functional recovery time.