Physiological sounds, as the natural sounds produced by the human body under normal and pathological conditions, are of great value in disease diagnosis. With the progress of medical technology, diagnostic methods based on physiological sounds, especially the analysis of heart sounds, lung sounds and bowel sounds, have gradually become digital, automated and intelligent, and become important auxiliary means of modern clinical diagnosis. Heart sounds analysis can assist in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases; lung sounds analysis is used to detect respiratory diseases, and bowel sounds analysis is used to identify digestive diseases. These technologies, combined with artificial intelligence and digital signal processing, improve diagnostic accuracy and automation, supporting telemedicine and early screening. While current technology faces cost and standardization challenges, future research will focus on multi-modal analysis, data personalization, and wearable devices to further enhance the clinical application of physiological sounds.