Compared to traditional large ultrasound devices, handheld ultrasound devices boast the characteristics of small size, light weight, and low power consumption, and can be used in various medical scenarios such as community hospitals. The handheld ultrasound market in China is in a stage of rapid development, but the research progress of related core technologies and high-end products still lags behind that of foreign countries. In order to provide a reference solution for the domestic independent research and development of handheld ultrasound products, depending on the TI chipset, this study designed and built a prototype that realizes the function of handheld ultrasound. The prototype includes an upper computer, data acquisition card, analog front-end, pulse transceiver device, and other auxiliary equipment. It achieved the acquisition of raw RF signals, reconstruction of ultrasound images, and further realized key technologies such as beamforming imaging and sector scanning. In addition, this study also established a Doppler blood flow velocity measurement link. After the raw RF echo signals were collected, the simulation of the entire Doppler blood flow velocity measurement link was implemented based on MATLAB, including window sampling, quadrature demodulation, wall filtering, time-domain autocorrelation operation, etc. The velocity measurement results were analyzed and summarized. This study has completed the implementation of the basic functions of the handheld ultrasound prototype and verified its key technologies, achieving higher-quality, faster image processing and accurate Doppler blood flow velocity measurement with a lower power consumption, which has important reference significance for the development of commercial handheld ultrasound.