Purpose To explore the role and feasibility of health education based on the Information-Motivation- Behavioral Skills (IMB) model in the prevention and control of myopia among adolescents. Methods Eighty adolescent myopia patients were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received routine ophthalmic examinations and eye care advice, while the observation group underwent a 12-month comprehensive health education intervention based on the IMB model. This intervention included information dissemination (health lectures, popular science manuals, WeChat notifications), motivation enhancement (personalized counseling, peer support groups, parental training), and behavioral skills training (eye behavior training, outdoor activity guidance, vision self-management). The eye habits, ocular symptoms, eye-related parameters (axial length, refractive error, corneal curvature), and visual acuity improvement before and after intervention were compared between the two groups. Results ① Eye Habits: After 12 months of intervention, the rate of good or excellent eye habits in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.001). ② Eye Symptoms: After the intervention, the symptom scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). ③Eye-Related Indicators: After the intervention, the axial length, refractive power, and corneal curvature in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). ④ Vision Improvement: After the intervention, the rate of vision improvement in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Health education based on the IMB model can effectively improve adolescents’ eye habits, alleviate ocular symptoms, delay myopia progression, enhance visual acuity, and holds promising applications in the prevention and control of myopia among adolescents.