With the increasing use of high-speed surgical power tools, the research on driving motor, its core component, has become more extensive. Permanent magnet brushless DC motors have attracted much attention in this application field due to their features of small size, high efficiency, stability, and reliability. This paper introduces the composition and advantages of permanent magnet brushless DC motors, discusses and compares the selection and optimal design scheme of the motor body, position detection circuit and commutation control circuit according to the clinical application requirements of high-speed surgical power tools, and pointed out the corresponding key technical difficulties and solutions. Finally, the key points of future research are summarized and prospected, providing theoretical reference for the design and development of permanent magnet brushless DC motors in high-speed surgical power tools.