This review discusses the effects and parameters of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the stability muscles of the trunk, as well as its application efficacy in different populations. The composition and function of the trunk stability muscles are described, along with the mechanism and parameters of NMES recruitment of these muscles, and an analysis and discussion of its clinical effects are presented. Future clinical research may focus on long-term follow-up studies of healthy populations and the mechanism and clinical research of trunk stability muscle atrophy in exercise-induced injury populations. Additionally, combined exercise rehabilitation research is also a developing trend, and the development and application of related portable NMES devices are anticipated to have broad clinical significance.