The treatment of high complex anal fistula faces important clinical and technical challenges. Traditional open surgery has serious damage to the anus, which is easy to lead to anal stenosis, defect deformity, fecal incontinence and other sequelae, which brings a great burden to the patien’s body, psychology and family. This paper introduces the methods of minimally invasive treatment of anal fistula and related medical devices, classifies the existing minimally invasive treatment methods of anal fistula from a technical point of view, and mainly introduces the application and development of endoscopic anal fistula treatment technology, absorbable biological stent technology and laser ablation technology in the process of minimally invasive treatment of anal fistula, which can provide reference for the minimally invasive treatment of anal fistula and the research of related medical devices.